The presenter provides an overview of the training requirements for independent contractors under the Mine Safety and Health Administration's (MSHA) Parts 46 and 48. He addresses the enforcement actions taken by MSHA against production-operators and independent contractors. In addition, the presenter provides a summary of the causes and types of fatalities experienced by independent contractors during the past five years. He also explains how to conduct risk assessments for independent contractor safety before they enter a mine site. Finally, the presenter provides an overview of the current case law governing independent contractors on mine sites and relevant enforcement trends and case law regarding the use of independent contractors on mine sites.